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11.
L. Tajčmanová Y. Podladchikov R. Powell E. Moulas J.C. Vrijmoed J.A.D. Connolly 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(2):195-207
In the classical view of metamorphic microstructures, fast viscous relaxation (and so constant pressure) is assumed, with diffusion being the limiting factor in equilibration. This contribution is focused on the only other possible scenario – fast diffusion and slow viscous relaxation – and brings an alternative interpretation of microstructures typical of high‐grade metamorphic rocks. In contrast to the pressure vessel mechanical model applied to pressure variation associated with coesite inclusions in various host minerals, a multi‐anvil mechanical model is proposed in which strong single crystals and weak grain boundaries can maintain pressure variation at geological time‐scales in a polycrystalline material. In such a mechanical context, exsolution lamellae in feldspar are used to show that feldspar can sustain large differential stresses (>10 kbar) at geological time‐scales. Furthermore, it is argued that the existence of grain‐scale pressure gradients combined with diffusional equilibrium may explain chemical zoning preserved in reaction rims. Assuming zero net flux across the microstructure, an equilibrium thermodynamic method is introduced for inferring pressure variation corresponding to the chemical zoning. This new barometric method is applied to plagioclase rims around kyanite in felsic granulite (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic), yielding a grain‐scale pressure variation of 8 kbar. In this approach, kinetic factors are not invoked to account for mineral composition zoning preserved in rocks metamorphosed at high grade. 相似文献
12.
全风化花岗岩地层稳定性差、遇水易发生崩解,工程上使用常规材料防渗加固注浆时效果较差。针对这一情况,依托湖南省郴州市莽山水库防渗加固灌浆项目,通过自主设计的全风化花岗岩地层注浆室内模拟试验装置,进行模拟注浆试验,实现了浆液在整个注浆过程中的扩散情况模拟,对不同注浆压力、不同位置点所取试样开展单轴抗压、抗剪强度及渗透率测试试验,对不同注浆压力下完整结石体取样观察,研究以全风化花岗岩颗粒为配方主体材料的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层的防渗加固效果及浆液扩散模式。结果表明:该浆液在全风化花岗岩地层扩散过程中经历了渗透扩散、挤密压缩、劈裂扩展三个阶段,是一种复合注浆形式;以全风化花岗岩颗粒为主体的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层注浆中效果显著,随着注浆压力提升,单轴抗压强度显著提升为原土体的3.25～13.67倍,抗剪强度在不同法向压力情况下提升为原土体的1.63～2.69倍,渗透系数从10?4 cm/s下降至10?5 cm/s甚至10?6 cm/s。 相似文献
13.
It has been demonstrated that ensemble mean forecasts, in the context of the sample mean, have higher forecasting skill than deterministic(or single) forecasts. However, few studies have focused on quantifying the relationship between their forecast errors, especially in individual prediction cases. Clarification of the characteristics of deterministic and ensemble mean forecasts from the perspective of attractors of dynamical systems has also rarely been involved. In this paper, two attractor statistics—namely, the global and local attractor radii(GAR and LAR, respectively)—are applied to reveal the relationship between deterministic and ensemble mean forecast errors. The practical forecast experiments are implemented in a perfect model scenario with the Lorenz96 model as the numerical results for verification. The sample mean errors of deterministic and ensemble mean forecasts can be expressed by GAR and LAR, respectively, and their ratio is found to approach2~(1/2) with lead time. Meanwhile, the LAR can provide the expected ratio of the ensemble mean and deterministic forecast errors in individual cases. 相似文献
14.
Over the last two decades information technology (IT) outsourcing has grown dramatically, and has emerged as a strategic choice for firms searching for ways to control their costs and maintain a competitive edge. The mechanisms driving its growth are not fully understood though. In this research, we employ an approach that focuses on geographic, temporal, and industrial proximity in a mechanism that identifies the process underlying the diffusion of IT outsourcing across firms within the U.S from 2000 to 2010. We focus on the role that firm location plays in the diffusion process, and use space-time clustering techniques from the epidemiology literature to understand the diffusion process. We identify 38 space-time clusters based on IT outsourcing announcement data and the locations of firm headquarters among U.S.-based firms. When supplemented with additional information, such as type of services outsourced, the metropolitan area of the headquarters, and related industry information; the results offer insights into various types of diffusion processes that have been identified in the literature but have not been documented to date in the empirical manner that we have been able to do. 相似文献
15.
采用NASA Goddard Earth Science DAAC发布的2001—2010年MODIS水云云水含量和水云粒子有效半径资料, 选取西南地区（四川、重庆、云南、贵州）,分析了水云云水含量和水云粒子有效半径的多年平均空间分布特征,对年和季节平均水云云水含量和粒子有效半径进行了线性趋势分析,并进行了显著性检验。结果表明：西南地区年和季节多年平均云水含量在海拔高的地方偏少,在海拔低的地方偏多;年和季节多年平均粒子有效半径的空间分布特征与云水含量相反。云水含量具有季节差异性,秋季和夏季是云水含量最丰富的季节,春季和冬季较少;粒子有效半径的季节差异较小。10年中云水含量呈减少趋势,春季和冬季云水含量减少趋势明显;而粒子有效半径无显著变化趋势。 相似文献
16.
合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像配准时,由于受到乘性散斑影响,匹配算法的性能受到限制。SAR-SIFT使用ROEWA算子代替差分算法计算梯度,对SAR图像的散斑具有一定的稳健性。为了进一步抑制散斑噪声,本文提出了基于SAR-SIFT改进的SAR图像配准算法。利用非线性扩散滤波生成SAR图像的非线性扩散尺度空间,在非线性尺度空间不同尺度层上计算对应的SAR-Harris函数。为了使非线性尺度空间对散斑噪声具有稳健性,在其构造过程中的梯度信息采用ROEWA算子计算。此外,利用相位一致性信息去除初始关键点中由散斑引起的虚假点。多源、多极化、多时相的SAR图像试验结果表明,与SAR-SIFT算法相比,本文算法对散斑噪声更具稳健性,提高了图像匹配性能。 相似文献
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Experiments on ion implantation were performed in order to better characterize diffusion of noble gases in lunar soil.4He+ at 50 keV with 5×1016 ions/cm2 was implanted into lunar simulants and crystal ilmenite.Helium in the samples was released by stepwise heating experiments.Based on the data,we calculated the helium diffusion coefficient and activation energy.Lunar simulants display similar 4He release patterns in curve shape as lunar soil,but release temperatures are a little lower.This is probably a con... 相似文献
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